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    string(10018) "<!-- wp:acf/ihr-story-introblock {"id":"block_621cfa87b2eab","name":"acf/ihr-story-introblock","data":{"text":"\u003ca href=\u0022https://www.thoughtworks.com/profiles/e/eduardo-meneses\u0022\u003eEduardo Meneses\u003c/a\u003e is the global head of social impact for the global technology consultancy \u003ca href=\u0022https://www.thoughtworks.com/\u0022\u003eThoughtworks\u003c/a\u003e. He engages with civil society organizations to build technology that amplifies social movements, and is currently working with platform workers in Ecuador on strategies to defend worker rights.","_text":"field_621cfe1f2ceab","font_color":"black","_font_color":"field_62044418c7d75","background_color":"grey","_background_color":"field_620441bac7d74","dropshadow":"none","_dropshadow":"field_6267f7f921c52","classname":"","_classname":"field_6204244253a3f","observer_id":"","_observer_id":"field_6204245b53a40","anchor_button_text":"","_anchor_button_text":"field_62b9b0d090a10","anchor_id":"","_anchor_id":"field_6204242753a3e"},"align":"","mode":"edit"} /-->

<!-- wp:acf/ihr-textblocks {"id":"block_62197bcf08855","name":"acf/ihr-textblocks","data":{"hide_page_title":"0","_hide_page_title":"field_62d294c9f62e2","textblocks_0_text":"This is an extended cut of the interview from\u003ca href=\u0022https://2022.internethealthreport.org/episodes/when-an-algorithm-is-your-boss/\u0022\u003e When an Algorithm is Your Boss\u003c/a\u003e that has been edited for ease of reading.","_textblocks_0_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_0_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_0_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_1_text":"\u003cb\u003eWhat are some of the challenges faced by gig workers in Ecuador?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_1_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_1_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_1_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_2_text":"Platforms often say they do not recognize formal working relationships with workers, because it’s flexible labor. But in fact, you’ll find that their algorithmic management is the total opposite of flexibility.\r\n\r\nIn Ecuador, platform workers need to compete with others to reserve their work hours in a schedule. To do that, they need to wake up at midnight, because this is when the reservation process opens. One minute before midnight, everyone is on their phones waiting. And you have thousands of workers at the same time, trying to reserve hours with enough services to get by. Schedules, like this, are not flexible at all. On one major app, if you take more than 50 minutes to make a delivery, you're suspended for two days. That means, you cannot work work for two days. You cannot be sure to feed your family. And a lot of people working with these apps are surviving day by day.\r\n\r\nMany platform workers in Ecuador are migrants, and many are also undocumented. So you have the platform companies taking advantage of a situation of vulnerability, to make people work in conditions they would not agree to if they had other options.","_textblocks_2_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_2_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_2_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_3_text":"\u003cb\u003eYou’re working with an association of workers to investigate conditions.\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e Will you be building an app?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_3_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_3_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_3_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_4_text":"We started the research phase one year ago. We were coming out of the pandemic, and in Ecuador we had a very strong lockdown, so these workers were really essential to a lot of people, in terms of bringing medicine, food, these kinds of things.\r\n\r\nWe’re at the point now where we feel we have enough understanding to start building a technological device to support workers. So the idea is to create an app people could download, that would be able to track the data of what is going on behind the algorithm. It's kind of a ‘reverse engineering’ process we want to do through data collection.\r\n\r\nThere's an inadequate system of resistance to the exploitation delivery workers experience. So the data we’ll collect will be things like distance traveled and how much is paid, accompanied by demands from unions about appropriate pay. I’m speculating here, but I think we could build an app that would be downloaded by both workers and app users, because it's also very interesting to make comparisons between the different information available to users and workers.","_textblocks_4_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_4_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_4_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_5_text":"\u003cb\u003eHow did you become an activist yourself?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_5_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_5_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_5_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_6_text":"My journey to this type of activism has been long because I come to it from a firsthand perspective of being a migrant in Europe. I went to Europe when I was 18 during a huge economic crisis in Ecuador. I lived in France for 12 years, and a big part of my political and activist journey comes from my experience of labor conditions there as a migrant. I also did activism in different regions, including in Palestine, connecting movements around the world. What led me back to Ecuador was an opportunity to work with the progressive government at the time. That's how I originally was connected from social science to digital labor topics, through the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology.","_textblocks_6_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_6_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_6_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_7_text":"\u003cb\u003eWhen is technology a force for good?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_7_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_7_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_7_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_8_text":"We’ve been fed this narrative about the neutrality of technology and of tech solutions. It's difficult for the people who are not in the industry, but also for the people who are part of it, to understand that it is \u003cem\u003enot\u003c/em\u003e true. Technology can solve some problems, but it can also be part of the problem, it can amplify a lot of the social inequalities.\r\n\r\nSo the first task we have, is to make people understand that technological mediation is not neutral. There's always power over relationships, and we find all the tensions that are built in society within technology: racism, sexism, class struggle, systemic inequalities, colonialism, all of this is embedded.\r\n\r\nAnd it’s not only how we use technology, it’s the way we design it. The main question is, ‘Who is this technology going to work for?’ This is the basic question that we should always put at the center. As technologists, we design in a framework of problem-solving. But the way in which we name the problem is already political, the way in which we organize to build that solution is political, the way in which we choose  which voices are included into a process is political.","_textblocks_8_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_8_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_8_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_9_text":"How does it affect the power dynamics when companies are operated from abroad?","_textblocks_9_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_9_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_9_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_10_text":"A lot of these companies are multinational corporations that only have PR people engaged here in Ecuador. Some have lawyers here too, but they don’t have anyone really making decisions. Those people are in totally different parts of the world, so the workers aren’t able to say, ‘Hey, something is going wrong here, this is not working.’ There is no way to contest decisions. And this sensation of working alone, with just an algorithm to mediate what you're doing, without any explanation of why this is happening, is crazy. There's total opacity there, which is not right. Sometimes the fees a worker is paid can change within the course of one day. And they do not know why, or how this algorithm works. This is one of the most difficult things. I would say, in terms of mental health too. The algorithmic management is really one of the main challenges for workers.\r\n\r\nWe also have local apps which work totally differently than multinational apps, and in fact the salaries are better and the working conditions are totally different. We really see the difference. Some of these multinational apps are really trying to colonize everything in their way, to spread everywhere. But the local apps have been developed for specific tasks. The logic is totally different from those of other apps who do not care about labor conditions or the local reputation, and who are just taking advantage of the despair of the unemployed.\r\n\r\n\u003cb\u003ePortrait photo of Eduardo Meneses is by \u003c/b\u003e\u003ca href=\u0022http://hannahyoon.com\u0022\u003e\u003cb\u003eHannah Yoon\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cb\u003e (CC-BY) 2022\u003c/b\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ci\u003eMozilla has taken reasonable steps to ensure the accuracy of the statements made during the interview, but the words and opinions presented here are ascribed entirely to the interviewee.\u003c/i\u003e","_textblocks_10_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_10_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_10_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks":["paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph"],"_textblocks":"field_62197599f3f4a","classname":"","_classname":"field_6204244253a3f","observer_id":"","_observer_id":"field_6204245b53a40","anchor_button_text":"","_anchor_button_text":"field_62b9b0d090a10","anchor_id":"","_anchor_id":"field_6204242753a3e"},"align":"","mode":"edit"} /-->"
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    string(12567) "<!-- wp:acf/ihr-story-introblock {"id":"block_621cfa87b2eab","name":"acf/ihr-story-introblock","data":{"text":"\u003ca href=\u0022https://www.media.mit.edu/people/dcalacci/overview/\u0022\u003eDan Calacci\u003c/a\u003e is a PhD student with the \u003ca href=\u0022https://www.media.mit.edu/groups/human-dynamics/\u0022\u003eHuman Dynamics Group\u003c/a\u003e at MIT Media Lab researching how data, its stewardship, and analysis can impact community governance. They're currently working on building frameworks and tools that allow informal collectives of workers and others to pool information in order to make better decisions and build power.","_text":"field_621cfe1f2ceab","font_color":"black","_font_color":"field_62044418c7d75","background_color":"grey","_background_color":"field_620441bac7d74","dropshadow":"none","_dropshadow":"field_6267f7f921c52","classname":"","_classname":"field_6204244253a3f","observer_id":"","_observer_id":"field_6204245b53a40","anchor_button_text":"","_anchor_button_text":"field_62b9b0d090a10","anchor_id":"","_anchor_id":"field_6204242753a3e"},"align":"","mode":"edit"} /-->

<!-- wp:acf/ihr-textblocks {"id":"block_62197bcf08855","name":"acf/ihr-textblocks","data":{"hide_page_title":"0","_hide_page_title":"field_62d294c9f62e2","textblocks_0_text":"This is an extended cut of the interview from\u003ca href=\u0022https://2022.internethealthreport.org/episodes/when-an-algorithm-is-your-boss/\u0022\u003e When an Algorithm is Your Boss\u003c/a\u003e that has been edited for ease of reading.","_textblocks_0_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_0_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_0_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_1_text":"\u003cb\u003eYou’ve helped create an app called WeClock that helps workers collect their own data. How would you describe it?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_1_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_1_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_1_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_2_text":"\u003ca href=\u0022https://weclock.it/\u0022\u003eWeClock\u003c/a\u003e allows workers to collect information about their daily life and use it to measure their working conditions. It takes the sensors that are sitting on your smartphone, the apps you use, your location, how your battery is being used, and gives you the opportunity to collect and share that with other workers and organizers. You can also see things like your daily movements and step count, which are collected through basic mobile APIs but are usually sent to some server and used for apps that you have no real control over.","_textblocks_2_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_2_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_2_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_3_text":"\u003cb\u003eHow does it work, technically?\r\n\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_3_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_3_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_3_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_4_text":"It's an open source project built mainly in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\u0022https://guardianproject.info/\u0022\u003eGuardian Project\u003c/a\u003e, a nonprofit group that develops a lot of privacy tech. We think of WeClock as a technology of resistance. The technical aspect is not so complicated, because it gives people ownership of data that's already being collected by other apps. We use the core APIs available through Android and iOS. We also have simple custom surveys and worklogs. We just added a really simple tracker to the Android version, where you can mark when you've started and ended a work shift. Then, when we analyze the data, we can look back and compare it with things like the amount of time you spent standing or your pay. We also have an Apple Watch app for folks who can't bring a phone into the workplace. Like, if their workplace is surveilled or if they're a warehouse worker, for example.","_textblocks_4_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_4_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_4_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_5_text":"\u003cb\u003eHow is this data collection empowering?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_5_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_5_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_5_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_6_text":"WeClock is an open-ended tool for use in specific worker-led campaigns. We've done a few pilots with labor unions across the US, and we’re doing a workshop right now with union leaders in the Global South, where they're collecting information from workers about their locations and hours. We'll use that to help them analyze data to gather evidence of wage theft. So it is much broader use case than just for gig workers. In fact, WeClock is more oriented towards traditional working contexts. This is a secure way of collecting information automatically and sharing that with organizers.\r\n\r\nIt's one of an array of tools I've been working on for the past couple of years, like the Shipt Calculator or Gig Box.","_textblocks_6_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_6_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_6_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_7_text":"\u003cb\u003eCould you tell us about these too?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_7_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_7_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_7_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_8_text":"\u003ca href=\u0022https://gigbox.media.mit.edu/\u0022\u003eGig Box\u003c/a\u003e is aimed at delivery drivers, especially drivers who work with multiple apps. It allows you to track shifts and collect location data during work. It'll show you things like average pay per mile or pay after expenses. The goal is to build a work tracker and a pay tracker for delivery workers that is open source, independent, and that allows delivery workers to share their work experience data with organizers and researchers.\r\n\r\nThe \u003ca href=\u0022https://gigbox.media.mit.edu/posts/posts/tool-the-shipt-calculator/\u0022\u003eShipt Calculator\u003c/a\u003e was a texting bot that helped organizers and researchers audit an algorithmic change in the shopping delivery app, Shipt, in the summer of 2020. It allowed workers to text screenshots of their pay to a number, and it would automatically infer if workers were being paid by an old algorithm which was transparent, or a new algorithm which was not. We aggregated pay information from hundreds of workers to show that the new algorithm resulted in a \u003ca href=\u0022https://gizmodo.com/shipts-effort-based-model-is-cutting-pay-for-40-of-wor-1845374119\u0022\u003esignificant pay cut for 41% of workers\u003c/a\u003e in our study.","_textblocks_8_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_8_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_8_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_9_text":"\u003cb\u003eWhat happens after people get control of their data?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_9_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_9_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_9_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_10_text":"Yeah, that's a great question. What do people actually do with their data once they're able to grab hold of it. This is both a really simple and complicated question, because analyzing data as a worker or even as an organizer is really hard. It takes a specialized set of skills. Like how to do data analysis or data visualization and come out of that process with meaningful information. My goal is to build tools that empower workers to tell stories, backed by evidence, to provide more ammunition to worker campaigns. It could be auditing an algorithmic change, or showing that warehouse workers are standing up for too long. This just augments the broader work of organizing.\r\n\r\nWorker data is really only valuable for building power in the aggregate. In order to make meaning from this aggregated data, you need to do analyses guided by questions that workers themselves are asking. The end goal is not just to give you ownership of your data, it is to answer questions that are unanswerable now, or to provide stronger evidence of workers' experiences.","_textblocks_10_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_10_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_10_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_11_text":"\u003cb\u003eSo working closely with workers is important?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_11_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_11_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_11_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_12_text":"Absolutely. When you are building technology to facilitate resistance and to enable organizing, especially with groups that are experiencing oppressive conditions, like gig workers, it needs to be driven by the people who are living that experience. I worked as a bike delivery person for a few months, so I have a window on what it’s like. But that's not enough. You don't get to a point where your design paradigm is really shifted by just trying something once, or even by doing a “user inquiry\u0022 where you talk to a lot of workers.\r\n\r\nSomething WeClock is trying to do, is serve as a blank canvas that can be used by folks who are organizing themselves, so it's actually co-created with the folks it's aiming to serve.","_textblocks_12_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_12_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_12_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_13_text":"\u003cb\u003eWhat advice would you offer to others builders?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_13_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_13_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_13_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_14_text":"The most important thing is data access, making sure you provide people with a way to delete their data, or to share it with other organizers and to use it in these different, modular ways.\r\n\r\nAnother thing is usability. One of the things I found really frustrating in building tools for platform workers is that folks are used to using apps that are built by billion-dollar companies with enormous engineering and design teams. It's so hard to compete with that as an independent developer trying to build something scrappy.\r\n\r\nPutting aside the technology, organizing is hard. It's about maintaining interpersonal relationships over time, building a network.","_textblocks_14_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_14_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_14_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_15_text":"\u003cb\u003eWhat else do we need to balance power?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_15_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_15_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_15_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_16_text":"I think the world needs two things desperately when it comes to algorithmic management. The first, is more tools to audit existing algorithms, and the second is participatory algorithm design.\r\n\r\nAlgorithmic management is spreading rapidly to every industry. And as it spreads, we're going to need more tools of resistance. Right now, the most popular way to design algorithms is top-down, using feature engineering developed by data scientists, training an algorithm on a prior data set. We need other ways of making these algorithms that incorporate people's values, their constraints and their goals.\r\n\r\nThere's a small and growing body of work that questions how to make algorithms that are democratically derived. Are the interests of managers and workers so misaligned that there's no way of coming to a solution? How do you ensure that people's voices are part of systems that govern them, including at work? We need way more research on that.\r\n\r\n\u003cb\u003ePortrait photo of Dan Calacci is by\u003c/b\u003e\u003ca href=\u0022http://hannahyoon.com\u0022\u003e \u003cb\u003eHannah Yoon\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cb\u003e (CC-BY) 2022\u003c/b\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ci\u003eMozilla has taken reasonable steps to ensure the accuracy of the statements made during the interview, but the words and opinions presented here are ascribed entirely to the interviewee.\u003c/i\u003e","_textblocks_16_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_16_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_16_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks":["paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph"],"_textblocks":"field_62197599f3f4a","classname":"","_classname":"field_6204244253a3f","observer_id":"","_observer_id":"field_6204245b53a40","anchor_button_text":"","_anchor_button_text":"field_62b9b0d090a10","anchor_id":"","_anchor_id":"field_6204242753a3e"},"align":"","mode":"edit"} /-->"
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    string(11104) "<!-- wp:acf/ihr-story-introblock {"id":"block_621cfa87b2eab","name":"acf/ihr-story-introblock","data":{"text":"Aída Ponce Del Castillo is a senior researcher with the \u003ca href=\u0022https://www.etui.org/about-etui/staff/aida-ponce-del-castillo\u0022\u003eEuropean Trade Union Institute\u003c/a\u003e. Her research centers on ethical and social issues arising from emerging technologies, including AI and nanotechnology. She works on EU policies for the health and safety of workers, with a focus on data-driven technologies.","_text":"field_621cfe1f2ceab","font_color":"black","_font_color":"field_62044418c7d75","background_color":"grey","_background_color":"field_620441bac7d74","dropshadow":"none","_dropshadow":"field_6267f7f921c52","classname":"","_classname":"field_6204244253a3f","observer_id":"","_observer_id":"field_6204245b53a40","anchor_button_text":"","_anchor_button_text":"field_62b9b0d090a10","anchor_id":"","_anchor_id":"field_6204242753a3e"},"align":"","mode":"edit"} /-->

<!-- wp:acf/ihr-textblocks {"id":"block_62197bcf08855","name":"acf/ihr-textblocks","data":{"hide_page_title":"0","_hide_page_title":"field_62d294c9f62e2","textblocks_0_text":"This is an extended cut of the interview from \u003ca href=\u0022https://2022.internethealthreport.org/episodes/when-an-algorithm-is-your-boss/\u0022\u003eWhen an Algorithm is Your Boss\u003c/a\u003e that has been edited for ease of reading.","_textblocks_0_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_0_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_0_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_1_text":"\u003cb\u003eWhere does your interest in regulating technology stem from?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_1_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_1_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_1_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_2_text":"I found myself looking at the regulatory and policy implications of emerging technology early on, after having worked as a corporate lawyer. In the '90s, there were new experiments in genetic engineering and the discovery of the whole DNA that allowed scientists to explore what makes us human from a genetic perspective. There were lots of questions about how law needs to respond. For family law, criminal law, and about the boundaries for manipulating the human being at its core. So that hooked me into the regulatory issues of emerging technology and human beings.","_textblocks_2_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_2_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_2_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_3_text":"\u003cb\u003eHow did AI emerge as a focus area for you?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_3_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_3_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_3_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_4_text":"My journey has been with different emerging technologies that have the characteristic of being small and invisible or that deal with intrinsic characteristics of the human being, such as stem cell research or human cloning. That has similarities to, for example, \u003ca href=\u0022https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology\u0022\u003enanotechnology\u003c/a\u003e, which are very tiny materials with incredible properties that can be manufactured at the atomic level. And again, it creates new scientific and regulatory paradigms and questions, because we don't yet know the risks. The same applies for data-driven technologies and artificial intelligence, because they have a characteristic of invisibility and immateriality. And again the question arises, what are the impacts and the risks? What do we need to regulate? Do we need new rights? Where do we put the limits of the deployment or design of artificial intelligence? Should robots vote? Questions like that are super interesting.","_textblocks_4_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_4_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_4_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_5_text":"\u003cb\u003eWhat are the risks of AI and machine learning when it comes to worker rights?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_5_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_5_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_5_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_6_text":"We have treated workers as slaves, as robots in a way, since the history of human labor. Digital labor is not new in that way, it's just another face of exploitation. The problem is that it's now much faster, and it's pervasive all across the world. This new revolution, so to speak, is also different in that it has this characteristic of invisibility and immateriality. With the industrial revolution, we could see a train, we could see a factory, we could see a machine. We could see an accident with blood and injuries. Today, we don't have that.\r\n\r\nWe don't have that visibility of the risks and injuries, and of the potential harms. We don't know what we are dealing with, because we cannot see it, we cannot deconstruct it, scrutinize it, analyze it. If you have a cigarette for example, and you want to understand its risks, you can take the tobacco and analyze it, and you have a specific report. When you would like to analyze an algorithm, first you need to know whether there is an algorithm or not. Second, good luck in trying to get it from its owner, developer or deployer, because we don't know whether that would be possible.","_textblocks_6_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_6_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_6_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_7_text":"\u003cb\u003eYou have been \u003c/b\u003e\u003ca href=\u0022https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/eu-artificial-intelligence-regulation-must-protect-worker-rights-by-aida-ponce-del-castillo-2021-08\u0022\u003e\u003cb\u003ecritical\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cb\u003e of the AI regulation proposed by the European Commission. Why?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_7_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_7_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_7_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_8_text":"We were excited [about the AI Act] because we thought it would put forward provisions about new digital rights, but this was not the case. The scope of the AI Act is to make sure that products are being safely put to market. That's the whole story. It is not made for giving more rights to people. So, digital activists and institutes like mine, are negotiating with EU players on other issues that deserve to be included in the conversation of how to govern artificial intelligence.\r\n\r\nWhat I think is needed is a different piece of legislation that could take the form of an EU directive that addresses the specificities of the employment context, for instance when algorithms are profiling workers in some way. We know that profiling has caused negative or harmful effects on individual workers and categories of workers, including with emotion recognition or language recognition technologies. For instance, in the banking sector, workers have been advised to change their tone of voice to sound more empathetic to clients. Some aspects of algorithmic management are already part of \u003ca href=\u0022https://ec.europa.eu/eures/public/eu-proposes-directive-protect-rights-platform-workers-2022-03-17_en\u0022\u003ea proposed directive on improving working conditions in platform work,\u003c/a\u003e but it only applies to platform work and not to other sectors that are equally engaged with AI systems. So you see, there is a gap.","_textblocks_8_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_8_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_8_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_9_text":"\u003cb\u003eHow would this directive affect the lives of digital platform workers?\r\n\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_9_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_9_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_9_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_10_text":"The first advantage is that you would be recognized as an employee of the digital labor platform. And that will change your life, because it gives you access to social security and to many other important rights. Today, that’s not the case. There’s no social contribution to pension funds, there’s no mechanism that will respond if you have an accident, if your bike gets lost, or if you have a physical or psychological injury. So that’s a game changer. Another way this directive could change your life, is that you’ll be able to challenge the algorithm. The platform is obligated to provide you with a meaningful and understandable explanation, in a way that is exercisable in an occupational setting. And if you’re not satisfied with this explanation, you can contest it.","_textblocks_10_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_10_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_10_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks_11_text":"\u003cb\u003eWhen you think about regulating gig work platforms is it mostly about making them more transparent?\u003c/b\u003e","_textblocks_11_text":"field_621e38d641532","textblocks_11_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_11_bottom_space":"field_62d29698c68a1","textblocks_12_text":"That's a tricky question. In principle, the narrative the European Commission disseminates in regulating digital platforms or AI systems, is to have trustworthy AI. And I do not agree with the term trustworthy AI. As a human being, you trust in the people who deploy AI, you cannot just trust a device. But how they would operationalize this trustworthiness is through making AI systems and digital labor platforms more accountable through more transparency.\r\n\r\nThere is a lot of focus on this transparency obligation, but less focus on how to make accountability enforceable. Say, through sanctions like fines, or by giving people more true access to information, or the ability to meaningfully contest decisions. We are still asking, how do I access information; from which authority; and what happens if I don’t get a proper explanation of how an algorithm treats me? So I think the narrative of creating transparency is okay, but it could be improved by giving people more ability to exercise fundamental human rights in the digital world, and this has yet to be discussed.\r\n\r\n\u003cb\u003ePortrait photo of Aída Ponce Del Castillo is by\u003c/b\u003e\u003ca href=\u0022http://hannahyoon.com\u0022\u003e \u003cb\u003eHannah Yoon\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cb\u003e (CC-BY) 2022\u003c/b\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ci\u003eMozilla has taken reasonable steps to ensure the accuracy of the statements made during the interview, but the words and opinions presented here are ascribed entirely to the interviewee.\u003c/i\u003e","_textblocks_12_text":"field_621976bef3f4d","textblocks_12_bottom_space":"0","_textblocks_12_bottom_space":"field_621977a9f3f4f","textblocks":["paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph","headline","paragraph"],"_textblocks":"field_62197599f3f4a","classname":"","_classname":"field_6204244253a3f","observer_id":"","_observer_id":"field_6204245b53a40","anchor_button_text":"","_anchor_button_text":"field_62b9b0d090a10","anchor_id":"","_anchor_id":"field_6204242753a3e"},"align":"","mode":"edit"} /-->"
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